Cyber-security: who is responsible?

Is it fair to fine companies when cyber attacks happen? And who should really be in charge of cyber-security?

Collage of pages from the “Cyber security: who is responsible?” teaching resource showing the cover and lesson plan

Published 25 April 2025

About this lesson

With our growing reliance on technology, cyber-security is a vital concern for businesses and individuals alike. In March 2025, Hong Kong introduced new laws that require key industries to comply with the latest cyber-security regulations or face penalties.

Is it fair for businesses to be fined when attackers are causing the problem? And who is responsible for cyber-security? In this lesson students will debate who is responsible for cyber-security by considering a range of scenarios and perspectives.

Use this lesson to help students

  • Learn about cyber-security and how it can help various businesses
  • Debate who should be responsible in various scenarios
  • Discuss the impact of fining companies for non-compliance

These teaching resources are supported by KPMG. The Economist Educational Foundation maintained full editorial control.

Skills and knowledge

Every lesson has a skill and knowledge focus. Click to see this lesson's focus and some of the questions students will answer 

  • Speaking

    Step 3: I speak effectively by making points in a logical order
    Did you make your points in a logical order in the courtroom debates?

    Step 10: I speak adaptively by changing my language, tone and expression depending on the response of listeners
    Did you adapt your language, tone and expression when responding in the courtroom debate?

    Step 13: I speak influentially by changing the structure of my points to best persuade the listeners
    Did you change the structure of your points when sharing your arguments in the final activity?

  • Knowledge

    I know what cyber-security is and why it is important

    Why is cyber-security in the news? What actions can be taken to prevent hackers?

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